THE READING LIST

Erica Bryant. "PSTD in Some City Children Can Be Worse than in Iraq Soldiers." Democrat and Chronicle, May 18, 2013.

Frederick Douglass. Narrative of The Life of The Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. New York: The Library of America, 1994.

Perri Klass. "Poverty As Childhood Disease." The New York Times, May 13, 2012.

http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/13/poverty-as-a-childhood-disease/

Alex Kotlowitz. "The Price of Public Violence." The New York Times, February 23, 2013.

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/24/opinion/sunday/the-price-of-public-violence.html?pagewanted=all

Tiffany Lankes. "Rescuing Rochester's Children: Three Paths for Young Black Men." Democrat & Chronicle, December 2, 2012.

Report of the Attorney General's National Task Force on Children Exposed to Violence.

December 12, 2012

http://www.justice.gov/defendingchildhood/cev-rpt-full.pdf

Children exposed to violence are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol; suffer from depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic disorders; fail or have difficulty in school; and become delinquent and engage in criminal behavior.

Sixty percent of American children were exposed to violence, crime, or abuse in their homes, schools, and communities.

Almost 40 percent of American children were direct victims of two or more violent acts, and one in ten were victims of violence five or more times.

Children are more likely to be exposed to violence and crime than adults.

Almost one in ten American children saw one family member assault another family member, and more than 25 percent had been exposed to family violence during their life.

A child's exposure to one type of violence increases the likelihood that the child will be exposed to other types of violence and exposed multiple times.

*Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Ormrod, R., Hamby, S., and Kracke, K. 2009. Children's Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.http://www.justice.gov/defendingchildhood/task-force.html

"Rich Blocks, Poor Blocks: A map of income and rent in every neighborhood in every city in America." 2007-2011 American Community Survey. United State Census Bureau, 2013.

http://www.richblockspoorblocks.com/

"Rochester Faces Serious Fiscal and Demographic Challenges." News from the Office of the New York State Comptroller, Thomas P. DiNapoli, Released March 4, 2013.

http://www.osc.state.ny.us/press/releases/mar13/030413.htm

With 25.8 percent of Rochester households living in poverty "the highest rate in the state" and its population declining 37 percent since 1950, the city must solve serious fiscal obstacles in the coming years, a state report released Monday says."

"Report highlights city's obstacles due to poverty, demographics." Thomas Adams. Rochester Business Journal, March 4, 2013.

James M. Shepherd. "Criminal Justice." The State of Black Rochester 2013, Dana K. Miller, editor. Rochester Area Community Foundation, 2013.

from What are the takeaways from this data (Criminal Justice data)

Violent crime is about 10% more concentrated in majority black neighborhoods that would be expected in majority black neighborhoods if violent crime was randomly distributed across all census tracts regardless of racial composition.

In other words, census tracts with a majority black population have higher levels of violent crime than census tracts with a non-majority black population.